![]() Not surprisingly, racial stereotypes always seem to favor the race of the holder and belittle other races. Most students at that time would have been white Americans, and the pictures of other ethnic groups included Jews as shrewd and mercenary, Japanese as shrewd and sly, Black people as lazy and happy-go-lucky, and Americans as industrious and intelligent. They found that students held clear, negative stereotypes – few students expressed any difficulty in responding to the questionnaire. The most famous study of racial stereotyping was published by Katz and Braly in 1933 when they reported the results of a questionnaire completed by students at Princeton University in the USA. ![]() Although the terms race, culture, and ethnic groups have different meanings, we shall take them to mean roughly the same thing at the moment. Researchers have found that stereotypes exist of different races, cultures, or ethnic groups. Katz and Braly (1933) – Racial Stereotyping.Negative stereotypes seem far more common, however. Positive examples of stereotypes include judges (the phrase “sober as a judge” would suggest this is a stereotype with a very respectable set of characteristics), overweight people (who are often seen as “jolly”), and television newsreaders (usually seen as highly dependable, respectable and impartial). Stereotypes lead to social categorization, which is one of the reasons for prejudiced attitudes (i.e., “them” and “us” mentality), which leads to in-groups and out-groups. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world since they reduce the amount of processing (i.e., thinking), we have to do when we meet a new person. One disadvantage is that it makes us ignore differences between individuals therefore, we think things about people that might not be true (i.e., make generalizations). ![]() One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to respond rapidly to situations because we may have had a similar experience before. ![]() In social psychology, a stereotype is a fixed, over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.īy stereotyping, we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have-for example, a “hells angel” biker dressed in leather. ![]()
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